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Cationic Dyes Disperse Dyestuff Reactive Dyes¹

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Product Description Products IntroductionBasic Balck X-2G 100%Names of Cationic dyestuffsColour SampleDyeing depthC.I.Basic NO.Compa-tible value KSatura-tion factor fPH stable rangeLight (Xenon)150oC 5' IronWashing 60oCRubbingPerspirationChange in shadeStained on cottonStained on acrylicDryWetChange in shadeStained on cottonStained on acrylicBasic Balck X-2G 100% 3.0-3.00.453-66-744-5444-544-53-44The information in this leaflet is given in goods faith but without warranty.We recommended that before using our product in fully scale production. The customer should make his own tests to determine the suitability of the products for his own purpose under his operating conditions.The information is only for your reference when choosing.Basic Black X-2RL 100%Names of Cationic dyestuffsColour SampleDyeing depthC.I.Basic NO.Compa-tible value KSatura-tion factor fPH stable rangeLight (Xenon)150oC 5' IronWashing 60oCRubbingPerspirationChange in shadeStained on cottonStained on acrylicDryWetChange in shadeStained on cottonStained on acrylicBasic Black X-2RL 100% 3.0-3.00.352-564-544-544-544-54-54The information in this leaflet is given in goods faith but without warranty.We recommended that before using our proudct in fully scale production. The customer should make his own tests to determine the suitability of the products for his own purpose under his operating conditions.The information is only for your reference when choosing.Basic Black X-FBL 200%Names of Cationic dyestuffsColour SampleDyeing depthC.I.Basic NO.Compa-tible value KSatura-tion factor fPH stable rangeLight (Xenon)150oC 5' IronWashing 60oCRubbingPerspirationChange in shadeStained on cottonStained on acrylicDryWetChange in shadeStained on cottonStained on acrylicBasic Black X-FBL 200% 4.0-3.01.003-664-54-54-54-54-544-54-54-5The information in this leaflet is given in goods faith but without warranty.We recommended that before using our proudct in fully scale production. The customer should make his own tests to determine the suitability of the products for his own purpose under his operating conditions.The information is only for your reference when choosing.Basic Black X-O 300%Names of Cationic dyestuffsColour SampleDyeing depthC.I.Basic NO.Compa-tible value KSatura-tion factor fPH stable rangeLight (Xenon)150oC 5' IronWashing 60oCRubbingPerspirationChange in shadeStained on cottonStained on acrylicDryWetChange in shadeStained on cottonStained on acrylicBasic Black X-O 300% 1.50-3.01.003-654-54-54-54-54-54-54-54-54The information in this leaflet is given in goods faith but without warranty.We recommended that before using our product in fully scale production. The customer should make his own tests to determine the suitability of the products for his own purpose under his operating conditions.The information is only for your reference when choosing. Basic Black X-RL 100% Names of Cationic dyestuffsColour SampleDyeing depthC.I.Basic NO.Compa-tible value KSatura-tion factor fPH stable rangeLight (Xenon)150oC 5' IronWashing 60oCRubbingPerspirationChange in shadeStained on cottonStained on acrylicDryWetChange in shadeStained on cottonStained on acrylicBasic Black X-RL 100% 3.0-3.00.553-65-644-54-54-54-54444-5The information in this leaflet is given in goods faith but without warranty.We recommended that before using our proudct in fully scale production. The customer should make his own tests to determine the suitability of the products for his own purpose under his operating conditions.The information is only for your reference when choosing.Cationic DyesCationic dyes are a type of textile dye, also known as basic dyes or salt-based dyes. They dissolve in water to form cationic states, ionizing in aqueous solutions to produce colored ions with positive charges. The cationic groups of these dyes can bind with acidic groups in the third monomer of fibers, enabling fiber dyeing. They are specialized dyes for acrylic fiber dyeing, offering advantages such as high color strength, bright shades, and excellent lightfastness. Development Cationic dyes emerged alongside the development of the petrochemical industry. In the 1950s, with the advent of acrylic fibers, Swiss company Geigy and German company Bayer successively developed cationic dyes for acrylic fibers. In the early 1960s, China also researched and produced its first generation of cationic dyes. By the 1970s, the second-generation X-type cationic dyes were developed, expanding the color range, improving dyeing performance, and considering the compatibility of primary colors. In the same decade, the third-generation M-type cationic dyes, known as migratory cationic dyes, were trial-produced, suitable for dyeing various acrylic fibers. In developed countries producing dyes, the combined output of cationic and basic dyes accounts for less than 10% of total dye production. By the mid-1990s, China's annual cationic dye production exceeded 2,000 tons, representing just over 1% of total dye output, with some exported. Among cationic dyes, the X-type primary colors, cationic pink FG, and bright red 5GN are the most produced varieties. In recent years, domestic and international efforts have focused on developing dyes with superior dyeing performance, specialized applications, and novel structures, as well as improving existing processes, reducing energy consumption, and managing waste. Types Cationic dyes can be classified by application performance or chemical structure. In China, existing dyes are categorized into ordinary, X-type, and M-type based on application performance. By chemical structure, they are divided into isolated and conjugated types, depending on how the cationic charge relates to the dye's chromophore conjugation system. 1. Isolated Cationic Dyes: The positive charge in these dyes is connected to the chromophore conjugation system via an isolating group, fixed on the nitrogen atom of a quaternary ammonium salt. These dyes exhibit moderate color yield, less vivid shades, but excellent heat, light, acid, and alkali resistance, along with good stability. For example, Cationic Red GTL (C.I. Basic Red 18, C.I. 11085) is a dark red powder soluble in water, appearing dark red in solution. In concentrated sulfuric acid, it turns reddish-orange, diluting to red. It dyes acrylic fibers dark red. Synthesis involves N-ethylaniline hydroxyethylation, chlorination, amination, diazotization of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline, coupling with the amination product, followed by methylation, filtration, and drying. It is used for dyeing acrylic and blended fabrics, modified acrylics, polyester, and printing on acetate fabrics. 2. Conjugated Cationic Dyes: The positive charge in these dyes is part of the chromophore conjugation system, delocalized rather than fixed on a single atom. These dyes feature bright colors and high tinctorial strength but moderate lightfastness. For example, Cationic Yellow X-6G (C.I. 48056) is a brown-yellow powder slightly soluble in cold and hot water, dyeing acrylic fibers a bright greenish-yellow. Synthesis involves condensation of 1,3,3-trimethylindoline acetaldehyde with p-anisidine, followed by filtration and drying. It is used for dyeing acrylic and blended fabrics, as well as printing on acetate, polyvinyl chloride, and modified acrylic fibers. Dyeing Methods and Mechanism Cationic dyes are specialized for acrylic fibers. The dyeing method involves a weakly acidic bath (pH ~4.5) with acetic acid and sodium acetate as buffers, electrolytes, and auxiliaries, near boiling. The dyeing mechanism involves three steps: 1. Adsorption of dye cations onto the fiber surface. 2. Diffusion of dye cations into the fiber interior. 3. Salt formation between dye cations and anionic groups in the fiber. Under normal conditions, the final step is irreversible, ensuring high fastness but potential unevenness. The first and last steps are rapid, while diffusion is slow, determining the overall dyeing rate. Due to high affinity, uniform dyeing requires strict control of bath temperature, pH, electrolytes, and retarders. Influencing Factors Cationic dyes exhibit high affinity for acrylic fibers, leading to rapid adsorption but slow diffusion, often causing uneven dyeing. Once unevenness occurs, it is difficult to correct by extending dyeing time. To achieve uniformity, the dyeing rate must be moderated. Factors affecting the dyeing rate include: 1. Temperature: A critical factor for uniform dyeing. Below 75°C, dye uptake is minimal. At the fiber's glass transition temperature (75-85°C), the rate increases sharply. Thus, slow heating (1°C per 2-4 min) is recommended upon reaching this range. Alternatively, holding at 85-90°C before boiling can improve uniformity. 2. Bath pH: Acidic baths suppress dissociation of acidic groups in acrylic fibers, reducing anionic sites and Coulombic attraction, thus lowering dyeing rates. pH effects are more pronounced for carboxyl-containing acrylics than sulfonate-containing ones. Optimal pH is 4-4.5; deeper shades tolerate higher pH, while lighter shades require lower pH. Acetic acid adjusts pH and enhances dye solubility, with sodium acetate stabilizing pH. 3. Electrolytes: Adding electrolytes (e.g., Glauber's salt, NaCl) slows dyeing rates, acting as retarders. Their effect is negligible for dyes with K values of 1-1.5 but noticeable for K values of 3-5. Retardation diminishes at higher temperatures. Light shades may use 5-10% (o.w.f.), while deep shades may omit electrolytes. 4. Retarders: Commonly used to slow dyeing rates for uniformity. Retarders include cationic and anionic types. Cationic retarders are the most commonly used leveling agents for cationic dyeing, most of which are cationic surfactants, such as 1227 surfactant (leveling agent TAN) and 1631 surfactant (leveling agent IV). Cationic retarders exhibit affinity for acrylic fibers. For smaller molecular cationic retarders with lower fiber affinity, due to their fast diffusion rate, they initially occupy dye sites on the fiber during dyeing. When cationic dye molecules subsequently enter the fiber, these retarders-having weaker fiber affinity than the dyes-are gradually displaced, thereby reducing the dye uptake rate. Excessive use of such retarders should be avoided, as it may concentrate dye uptake in the later stages of dyeing, leading to uneven coloration. For cationic retarders with complex molecular structures and higher fiber affinity, they compete with cationic dyes during dyeing, slowing the dye uptake rate. However, since these retarders occupy certain dye sites within the fiber, they also reduce the dye exhaustion percentage. The higher the dosage of such retarders, the more pronounced the retarding effect, but the lighter the resulting shade. The dosage of cationic retarders depends on the properties and concentration of the dyes used. For dyes with low K values or light shades, a higher retarder dosage is required, whereas for dyes with higher K values or deep shades, the retarder dosage is lower. Cationic retarders also have a saturation value for acrylic fibers and must be matched with cationic dyes in terms of compatibility. High-affinity cationic dyes should be paired with high-affinity cationic retarders. In dyeing formulations, the combined dosage of cationic retarders and cationic dyes should not exceed the fiber's dye saturation value. In addition to the above cationic retarders, there is another category known as polymeric cationic retarders, such as retarder A. These retarders have large molecular structures with polymerization degrees reaching several hundred, each containing hundreds of cationic groups. Due to their size, they cannot penetrate the fiber interior but instead coat the fiber surface, significantly reducing the Coulombic attraction between cationic dyes and acrylic fibers, thereby slowing dye uptake. These retarders exhibit stronger retarding effects than cationic surfactants and do not occupy dye sites within the fiber, thus not affecting the dye saturation value of acrylic fibers. Anionic retarders are mostly negatively charged aromatic sulfonates that can form sparingly soluble complexes with cationic dyes. These complexes are suspended in the dye bath with the aid of nonionic auxiliaries and exhibit lower fiber affinity. The addition of anionic retarders reduces the concentration of free cationic dye ions, slowing the dye uptake rate. As the dyeing temperature increases, the complexes gradually decompose, releasing free cationic dye ions and progressively increasing the dye uptake rate to achieve level dyeing. Due to the low solubility of these complexes, nonionic surfactants must be added alongside anionic retarders to prevent precipitation. The use of anionic retarders results in a more significant reduction in dye exhaustion percentage compared to cationic retarders. The application of anionic retarders enables the co-dyeing of cationic and anionic dyes in the same bath, facilitating one-bath dyeing of acrylic blended fabrics with cationic/acid dyes or cationic/reactive dyes. Toxicity and Environmental Impact Cationic dyes on dyed fabrics are harmless to humans. However, the production and dyeing processes of cationic dyes involve many chemicals that are harmful to human health and the environment. Therefore, strict protective measures must be implemented for both production and dyeing processes, addressing waste materials such as wastewater and exhaust gases according to environmental regulations to ensure compliance with emission standards. Tags: Cationic dyes, Cationic Yellow X-6G, Cationic Red GTL, Specialty dyes for acrylic fibersPart of Our CustomersCompany IntroductionSuzhou Trillion Shine Import & Export Co.,Ltd (Trillion Shine) is a leading Chinese supplier of dyesutff, and we also provide services for sourcing all related products of dyestuff industry from China, we have been involving in dyestuff industry since 2003. Relying on Chinese complete industry Chain and enjoying price advantages, we provide customers with premium products, reasonable prices,and on-time services. Trillion Shine has a professional technique team who has been in this industry for more than 22 years, consists of advanced mechanics, engineers and professors. Powerful technical capabilities extend our core competence to analysis of customer's demand and provide customer with satisfying service. Trillion Shine has already established business relations with customers from South America, North America, Europe, Middle East, Southeast Asia and South Asia, obtained the customer affirmation and faith. The good faith manner,the premium quality product, the exquisite service and the customer first principle are Trillion Shine's service objective. Trillion Shine sincerely wish to establish stable business relationship with customers all over the world, please feel free to contact with us.

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