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China, Chinese Veterinary Penicillin Powder Antibiotic Penicillin1 Industrial Products Supplier Manufacturer Details, price list catalog:
Pharmaceutical IntermediatePenicillinPharmaceutical Penicillin
Xi'an CQ-Moonlight Pharmaceutical Ltd.
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Product DescriptionVeterinary Penicillin Powder Antibiotic PenicillinProduct DescriptionProduct DetailsProduct NamePenicillinAppearanceWhite PowderCAS61-33-6MFC16H18N2O4SMW334.39012Penicillin, a group of natural and semi-synthetic β-lactam antibiotics derived from fungi of the Penicillium genus (primarily Penicillium chrysogenum), is widely regarded as one of the most transformative medical discoveries of the 20th century. First identified in 1928 by Alexander Fleming (who observed mold inhibiting bacterial growth), it was successfully purified and clinically validated in the 1940s by Howard Florey and Ernst Chain—revolutionizing the treatment of bacterial infections that were once fatal (e.g., sepsis, pneumonia, syphilis). Today, the penicillin family includes multiple subgroups tailored to different bacterial targets: natural penicillins (e.g., penicillin G, penicillin V), penicillinase-resistant penicillins (e.g., methicillin, dicloxacillin), aminopenicillins (e.g., ampicillin, amoxicillin), and extended-spectrum penicillins (e.g., piperacillin, ticarcillin)—each with distinct spectra and clinical uses.Application&Function1. Mechanism of Action: Disrupting Peptidoglycan Cross-LinkingBacterial cell walls are composed of peptidoglycan—a rigid mesh of polysaccharide chains (N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid) cross-linked by short peptide bridges. This cross-linking is catalyzed by penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)—enzymes embedded in the bacterial cell membrane that act as transpeptidases or carboxypeptidases. Penicillins bind covalently to the active site of PBPs via their β-lactam ring, forming a stable penicillin-PBP complex that inactivates the enzyme.Without functional PBPs, bacteria cannot cross-link peptidoglycan chains, leading to:Incomplete Cell Wall Formation: The cell wall loses structural integrity, unable to withstand the high osmotic pressure inside bacterial cells.2. Antibacterial Spectrum: Subgroup-Specific ActivityThe penicillin family's spectrum varies widely by subgroup, enabling targeted treatment of different bacterial infections:Natural Penicillins (Penicillin G, Penicillin V):Narrow spectrum, active primarily against Gram-positive bacteria and a few Gram-negative cocci:Gram-positive aerobes: Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A strep, causes pharyngitis, impetigo), Streptococcus pneumoniae (penicillin-sensitive strains, causes pneumonia, meningitis), Staphylococcus aureus (penicillin-sensitive strains, MSSA, causes skin infections).Gram-positive anaerobes: Clostridium tetani (causes tetanus), Clostridium (causes botulism), Streptococcus bovis (causes endocarditis).Gram-negative cocci: Neisseria meningitidis (causes meningitis, sepsis), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (penicillin-sensitive strains, causes gonorrhea—though resistance is now widespread, limiting use).No activity against Gram-negative rods (e.g., E. coli, Klebsiella) or β-lactamase-producing bacteria.SpecificationCertificate of Analysis
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